Births can be seen as a form of immigration. They create new citizens with new genomes who never lived in your country before. They can also be more costly than some types of immigration. For instance, controlling for race, we can compare the immigration of white English physicians to the United States against the birth of children of white Americans. If we don’t control for IQ, an English doctor is clearly a larger value add over an average white American. Even if we do control for IQ, childhood is expensive. English doctors don’t consume American school and daycare for themselves, while the babies of white American doctors do. That, of course, does not mean that white physician babies
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